In lesbian relationships, what type of battering includes emotional and psychological forms regardless of physical violence?

Emotional or psychological battering specifically refers to non-physical forms of abuse that can occur in relationships. In the context of lesbian relationships, this type of battering emphasizes the impact of emotional manipulation, coercion, intimidation, and control, without necessarily involving physical violence. This form of abuse can manifest through constant belittlement, gaslighting, or threats that undermine the partner's self-esteem and mental health.

This recognition is critical because emotional and psychological abuse can be as damaging as physical violence, affecting the victim's well-being in profound ways. It highlights the importance of understanding that abuse can take many forms, and all types deserve attention and intervention. This answer accurately captures the essence of the question, focusing on the emotional aspects that can exist in a relationship, regardless of the presence of physical violence.